Tahqeed

Research Article The Suspension of Death in Death with Interruptions: A Critical Study of Modern Civilization and Institutional Decay

Asif Raza — 2025-12-30

This article offers a critical reading of José Saramago’s novel Death with Interruptions (As Intermitências da Morte) by examining the suspension of death as a symbolic device to expose the moral, institutional, and civilizational crises of the modern world. The novel imagines a society in which death suddenly ceases to function, triggering widespread disruption across religious, political, economic, and social institutions. Through satire and allegory, Saramago reveals how modern civilization is sustained by systems that depend upon death for authority, legitimacy, and economic continuity. The study argues that the absence of death unmasks the hypocrisy, inefficiency, and moral emptiness of institutions such as the state, the church, insurance corporations, healthcare systems, and organized crime. Rather than celebrating immortality as a triumph, the novel portrays it as a condition that accelerates institutional decay and ethical collapse. Ultimately, the suspension of death functions as a critique of modern civilization’s commodification of life, suffering, and mortality.

Presentation of peace, coexistence and human compassion in Urdu literature

Dr. Aasma Rani — 2025-12-30

Urdu literature, rich in its cultural tapestry and historical depth, has consistently served as a powerful medium for exploring profound human values. This paper examines the multifaceted presentation of peace, coexistence, and human compassion within Urdu literary traditions, spanning various genres including poetry, prose, and drama. From the universal humanism espoused by classical Sufi poets like Rumi (though Persian, his influence deeply permeated Urdu thought) and Amir Khusrau, to the progressive ideals championed by modern writers such as Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Saadat Hasan Manto, Urdu literature offers a nuanced perspective on these crucial themes. The analysis will delve into how these concepts are depicted not merely as abstract ideals, but as lived experiences, moral imperatives, and responses to conflict and societal challenges. Furthermore, it will explore the role of narrative, character development, and poetic imagery in conveying messages of reconciliation, empathy, and the shared human experience. The paper argues that Urdu literature, through its diverse voices and historical evolution, provides a compelling testament to the enduring human aspiration for a harmonious and compassionate world.

Research Article The Central Character of Jangloos: The Semantic Layers of the ‘True Jangli’, the Author’s Perspective and the Narrative Coherence

Samina Yaseen — 2025-12-30

The novel Jangloos presents a powerful narrative in which the author exposes the hypocrisy of the dominant, self-serving class that derogatorily labels others as “Jangli” to maintain its social superiority. This article critically examines how the so-called Jangli characters, despite being marginalized and ridiculed, embody courage, generosity, loyalty, and a persistent spirit of resistance. Through close textual analysis, the study highlights the contrast between the moral integrity of these marginalized individuals and the exploitative, morally compromised behavior of those who use the term “Jangli” as an instrument of contempt. By juxtaposing these opposing character constructs, the article argues that the novel transforms the notion of Jangli from an insult into a symbol of dignity and moral resilience, thereby challenging entrenched power structures and societal prejudices.

Significance of Islamic Calligraphy with Traditional Architectural Elements of the Mosques of Punjab, Pakistan: Impact of Spiritual Reality of the Verses on Ambiance

Prof. Dr. Samina Nasim — 2025-12-30

Mosque architectural surfaces played vital role in the representation of Arabic calligraphy in rectilinear and cursive form. Different techniques such as tile mosaic, mirror mosaic, relief work, sculpture in relief, enamel paint, wood carving metal engraving and metal carving are preferred for its representation. In Punjab, several historical and contemporary mosques’ surfaces are adorned with calligraphy and the use of different decorative techniques enhances its value. In present research significance of Islamic calligraphy and its spiritual link to the area where it is written and its impact on the ambiance and surroundings is analyzed. Knowledge of calligraphic style, representation of design elevation, and harmonious or contrasting composition of the surface embellishment will also be under discussion. The present research aims to document traditional calligraphic styles, materials and decorative techniques used for mosques surfaces of Punjab, Pakistan. Creation of calligraphic artwork with innovative modern technique, material and art trends are vital parts of the research.