Tahqeed

Research Article The Suspension of Death in Death with Interruptions: A Critical Study of Modern Civilization and Institutional Decay

Asif Raza — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article offers a critical reading of José Saramago’s novel Death with Interruptions (As Intermitências da Morte) by examining the suspension of death as a symbolic device to expose the moral, institutional, and civilizational crises of the modern world. The novel imagines a society in which death suddenly ceases to function, triggering widespread disruption across religious, political, economic, and social institutions. Through satire and allegory, Saramago reveals how modern civilization is sustained by systems that depend upon death for authority, legitimacy, and economic continuity. The study argues that the absence of death unmasks the hypocrisy, inefficiency, and moral emptiness of institutions such as the state, the church, insurance corporations, healthcare systems, and organized crime. Rather than celebrating immortality as a triumph, the novel portrays it as a condition that accelerates institutional decay and ethical collapse. Ultimately, the suspension of death functions as a critique of modern civilization’s commodification of life, suffering, and mortality.

Significance of Mughal Architectural Embellishment and its Influences on Contemporary Architecture of Lahore

Prof. Dr. Samina Nasim — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Throughout the ages, civilizations have been known for their cultural heritage, and every region has its own values due to sociocultural traditions. Similarly, South Asian heritage presents its uniqueness in the form of historical monuments with a variety of decorative elements in built form and on surface, which makes it distinctive and unique among other styles of world architecture. In South Asian region Mughal Architecture has its own identity with the construction of remarkable monuments having unique features and decorative techniques. Implementation of decorative elements and techniques were continued for contemporary architecture with maintenance of the legacy by using stylized cuts, and simplified forms.

The research presents a study of the architectural elements and techniques used in Mughal monuments and adopted for the contemporary architecture of Lahore, Pakistan. A comparative analysis between historical architectural elements and their impact on later construction of the region is highlighted. The research objective is to identify the various traditional and regional influences on the forms, features, and surface decoration of Pakistan's modern architecture. A step towards the development of techniques and style with a strong bond and touch of cultural heritage is demonstrated by the use of historic elements and techniques combined with innovative ideas. The study provides an analysis of the ornamental elements and structural structures.

The scholars and writers have written about the historical monuments of Pakistan in general. However, the impact of the traditional architectural features and decorative elements on later built buildings of the region especially which were built after the independence of Pakistan 1947 need comprehensive study. In the present research, an effort has been made to explore and analyze the contemporary architecture of Lahore, and the impact of Mughal architectural elements on them.

A step forward towards the development of techniques and styles with strong bonding and a hint of cultural history is demonstrated by the utilization of historic elements and techniques combined with creative designs. The study provides an analysis of the Mughal impacts on the decorative features and structural shapes of Lahore's modern structures.

The representation of Women Empowerment in Shazlay Khan’s Art: A Feminist Perspective

Tuba Najam — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research article explores the representation of women empowerment in the art of Shazly Khan, a Pakistani painter. Khan's vibrant and symbolic compositions depict women as strong, nurturing, and connected to their families and communities, conveying hope, positivity, and joy. The article analyzes Khan's use of color, symbolism, and stylization to promote a positive message about women's lives and experiences, highlighting their strength, resilience, and beauty.

Presentation of peace, coexistence and human compassion in Urdu literature

Dr. Aasma Rani, Dr. Sanam Shakir — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Urdu literature, rich in its cultural tapestry and historical depth, has consistently served as a powerful medium for exploring profound human values. This paper examines the multifaceted presentation of peace, coexistence, and human compassion within Urdu literary traditions, spanning various genres including poetry, prose, and drama. From the universal humanism espoused by classical Sufi poets like Rumi (though Persian, his influence deeply permeated Urdu thought) and Amir Khusrau, to the progressive ideals championed by modern writers such as Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Saadat Hasan Manto, Urdu literature offers a nuanced perspective on these crucial themes. The analysis will delve into how these concepts are depicted not merely as abstract ideals, but as lived experiences, moral imperatives, and responses to conflict and societal challenges. Furthermore, it will explore the role of narrative, character development, and poetic imagery in conveying messages of reconciliation, empathy, and the shared human experience. The paper argues that Urdu literature, through its diverse voices and historical evolution, provides a compelling testament to the enduring human aspiration for a harmonious and compassionate world.

Research Article The Central Character of Jangloos: The Semantic Layers of the ‘True Jangli’, the Author’s Perspective and the Narrative Coherence

Samina Yaseen, Dr. Azra Perveen — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The novel Jangloos presents a powerful narrative in which the author exposes the hypocrisy of the dominant, self-serving class that derogatorily labels others as “Jangli” to maintain its social superiority. This article critically examines how the so-called Jangli characters, despite being marginalized and ridiculed, embody courage, generosity, loyalty, and a persistent spirit of resistance. Through close textual analysis, the study highlights the contrast between the moral integrity of these marginalized individuals and the exploitative, morally compromised behavior of those who use the term “Jangli” as an instrument of contempt. By juxtaposing these opposing character constructs, the article argues that the novel transforms the notion of Jangli from an insult into a symbol of dignity and moral resilience, thereby challenging entrenched power structures and societal prejudices.

Peer Hassam Ud Din Rashdi’s research contributions and his linguistic theory: A brief introduction

Qandeel Bader — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Peer Hassam Ud Din Rashdi has a multi-dimensional personality. His contributions to literature and research are remarkable. In this paper, besides a brief introduction to his personality, a comprehensive list of his complete and incomplete books and papers of Persian, Sindhi and Urdu have been prepared. Further, few important theories about Sindh and Urdu have been briefly discussed. Afterwards, Rashdi's linguistic theory has been completely analyzed and the pros and cons of this theory along with its important aspects, have been addressed.

Kafka and kafka-aesque: A Social Visitation by ‘’The Trail’’

Dr Rizwana Naqvi, Dr Syed Murtaza Hassan — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The social oppression is a central theme in kafka’s writtings , where characters are trapped under the inexorable system of bureaucracy, family pressure and hidden incomprehensible control of the state. Which creats seclusion , alienation and negligence and these all become entangled in a meaningless cycle of life , where they do not even understand what fatalism is being done to them. Kafka’s Characters oftenly suffer the meaninglessness of life by both personal and social ends, thy try to get rid of from such a maelstrom of life but efforts go to the vain so they found life is a purposeless process .As a result of social pressure his characters feel cut off from society and even from themselves, they become lonely and their existence seems alien to them. This oppression isn’t by a single person or institution but work through a faceless system which is impossible to understand or fight, kafka’s renowned three novels show such social and existential situation .kafka’s novels are a perfect reflection of modern man’s fear, misery ,uncertainty, and existence under the pressure of the state, family and society, which still retain their relevance today.