ناول "آخری سواریاں" میں گنگا جمنی تہذیب کا بیانیہ اور نوحہ گری (تجزیاتی مطالعہ)

Abstract

The Ganga-Jamini civilization, a beacon of prosperity and advancement in the subcontinent, thrived for centuries, celebrated for its rich tapestry of art, architecture, customs, values, and literature. This flourishing society emerged from the harmonious coexistence of two nations, a testament to the subcontinent's vibrant cultural landscape before the transformative era of British colonialism. Syed Muhammad Ashraf's novel "Akhri Sawariyan" (The Last Passengers) serves as a poignant elegy for the lost grandeur of this civilization, its "passengers" symbolizing the fading elements of this once-thriving society. Steeped in a nostalgic and melancholic tone, the novel unfolds against the backdrop of the civilization's decline, employing literary devices such as symbolism, metaphor, and imagery to evoke a profound sense of loss and yearning. This article embarks on a close reading of the novel, meticulously unraveling its intricate themes and symbolism, making a significant contribution to our understanding of the Ganga-Jamini civilization. Furthermore, the article explores the novel's profound examination of themes such as identity, exile, and the enduring legacy of cultural memory.