Significance of Islamic Calligraphy with Traditional Architectural Elements of the Mosques of Punjab, Pakistan: Impact of Spiritual Reality of the Verses on Ambiance

Abstract

Mosque architectural surfaces played vital role in the representation of Arabic calligraphy in rectilinear and cursive form. Different techniques such as tile mosaic, mirror mosaic, relief work, sculpture in relief, enamel paint, wood carving metal engraving and metal carving are preferred for its representation. In Punjab, several historical and contemporary mosques’ surfaces are adorned with calligraphy and the use of different decorative techniques enhances its value. In present research significance of Islamic calligraphy and its spiritual link to the area where it is written and its impact on the ambiance and surroundings is analyzed. Knowledge of calligraphic style, representation of design elevation, and harmonious or contrasting composition of the surface embellishment will also be under discussion. The present research aims to document traditional calligraphic styles, materials and  decorative techniques used for mosques surfaces of Punjab, Pakistan. Creation of calligraphic artwork with innovative modern technique, material and art trends are vital parts of the research.